Exactly. Tariffs mainly hurt the foreign importers/producers, because their product now loses competitive edge against other products that are not tariffed/produced domestically. Also this increases political pressure in the country of origin because their producers may demand subsidies from their governments with the pretend they may end up in bankruptcy. The governments often caves in for subsidies and increased deficits because they fear recession and increased unemployment more than anything (it’s not good for the ratings).

It's a little different when one of those countries primarily exports raw materials for american producers. Majority of trade is with the US. Here is a breakdown. Mineral fuels including oil: US$143.4 billion (25.2% of total exports) Vehicles: $63.7 billion (11.2%) Machinery including computers: $42.5 billion (7.5%) Gems, precious metals: $28.4 billion (5%) Wood: $13.4 billion (2.4%) Plastics, plastic articles: $15.5 billion (2.7%) Electrical machinery, equipment: $16 billion (2.8%) Aluminum: $12.6 billion (2.2%) Fertilizers: $9.5 billion (1.7%) Ores, slag, ash: $11.4 billion (2%) Maybe there will be exemptions some of these commodities?