There are financial forensic units that can do that. That's how a paedophile ring was once broken. This takes more resources though. But there are special tools that analyse a web of transactions.

It's actually a good read if you're interested:

WIRED

How Bitcoin Tracers Took Down the Web’s Biggest Child Abuse Site

Welcome to Video’s customers thought their payments were untraceable. They couldn’t have been more wrong. The untold story of the case that shr...