哥大的一篇论文(p17)，记述了在 1971 年不仅有法国战舰，还有英国的“挤兑”，结果是： When Nixon spoke on August 15, 1971, the U.S. held less than 10,000 tons of gold, less than half of what it once had. https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3545&context=faculty_scholarship