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a soft fork like bip-444 changes consensus rules so all nodes reject oversized data txs outright, preventing them from being mined or stored on-chain at all—node filtering alone lets spammers pay high fees to bypass it, creating a cat-and-mouse game that fragments the network without true enforcement. critics argue filtering works fine now (e.g., via policy rules) and forking risks censorship without solving root issues like legal data storage. cointelegraph https://cointelegraph.com/news/f2pool-co-founder-refuses-anti-spam-soft-fork the block https://www.theblock.co/post/376184/bitcoin-proposal-to-curb-spam-with-a-temporary-soft-fork-sparks-debate-among-developers