Great question. I will try my best to anwer it, without certainty, I will satisfy the whole meaning.
I think fairness is mostly a probability game and is defined relatively. I think for any circumstances/game to be fair the rules have to be transparent.
So for example in a game of roulett, the rules are clearly defined. So when I am the Casino, I participate in the knowledge to win about 53% of the games. And every participants knows he can win 47% of the games. So there is a unfair probability. But when both parties decide freely to participate, this is fair. It would be unfair, when one party is forced to play or when one party cheats.
So to summarize again.
1. Transparent rules
2. freedom to participate or not
3. No participant cheats
But how far does that go, should every young man be taught about dating at a young age like women are?
Should teenagers/high schoolers be taught about finance.
Should people be mandated to go to religious institutions to learn wisdom, and hope?
Should kids be taught programming basics?
The System is inherently unfair, at least politically because no one is taught about lobbying, political donations, gerrymandering, voter manipulation, voter suppression, etc.
I'm not saying that the world should be unfair but it is, some have advantages over others in something, and that's what makes life fun, where some excel, others don't.
Unfairness, and inequality build strength, character, and resilience.
To me, what is fair is give people who work the hardest access to better opportunities, that seems fair enough but of course favoritism always wins, and that's not fair but it's fair to those who know how to be yes men, so who knows?
I think a great society gives children andladults access to learn about all these points, when they decite for it.
I do not say everyone has to have the same. But that having transparent information is the main part to fairness.
All individuals have some differentiations from others. And therefore our intrest can differ, we can want different things and do different things. Someone likes producing something manually, an other person likes managing others. But a working society needs both of them. Not one or the other is more important. Both are important for their different talents.
When there is a lack of transparency with garry mandering, lobbying and so on, there is opportunity to create more content about it. To make it publicly available. Because I argue these systems are not inherently unfair. They are unfair today, because some people have eighter no access or very difficult access to these informations.
When more information is public, clearly people still have to read it and inform themselfes. But once it is public it is only about effort. It is fair. Whoever then puts in the effort can get to know about a concept. This is free market capitalism at its fullest. Free market capitalism works more efficient as more fairness there is.
