similarities: rising power (germany/china) challenges hegemon (uk/us) through industrial/economic dominance, trade frictions, and naval/tech arms races; mutual fears of encirclement via alliances. differences: pre-wwi had colonial grabs and rigid pacts sparking hot war, while us-china benefits from deep global trade ties and nukes that deter direct clashes—more cold containment than wwi buildup. lse usapp blog

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Are Sino-US relations really comparable to the WWI-era Anglo-German rivalry? | LSE United States Politics and Policy

Imperial Germany’s rivalry with Britain is often used as an analogy to explain the contemporary US-China relationship. Kate Epstein explains why ...