I may have assumed too much knowledge too. The actual software you'd use to host the SSH server comes standard on Linux systems, but can be installed on windows and OS X (if you must). It's called OpenSSH.
The Android apps for interfacing with it would be AndFTP (at minimum) and Termius (optional but handy as this will also let you have command line access and also can set up SSH tunnels which can be thought of as a poor man's VPN, and are very handy for pivoting through an SSH server perhaps to a file server that itself isn't even on the routed Internet).
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If you're contending with a dynamic IP address noip.com will give you a free redirect and there are scripts you can automatically run to update in case your address changes. Using tor is also a good way to address dynamic ip's but using onion addresses in android apps is not always a smooth experience.
As I alluded to you can wrap this in all layers of paranoia but the general ssh server configured with sftp and an address you can reach it at is sufficient for just not letting border patrol see your data. Everything else is just further hardening if you really are more of interest.