Resistance against state attack
The U.S. has 171 supercomputers in the TOP500 in the November 2025 edition, which is the latest published list currently available.
Monero uses RandomX, which is optimized for CPUs and memory-intensive techniques to reduce the advantage of ASICs.
The Monero network is now approximately between 5.3 and 6.4 GH/s.
Using El Capitan as an extreme reference, the #1 in the TOP500, with 11,424 batch nodes and 96 AMD EPYC cores per node, and public RandomX benchmarks for the EPYC 9654, a reasonable estimate would be around 0.9–1.0 GH/s per El Capitan-type supercomputer.
Therefore:
To surpass Monero’s current hashrate, approximately 6–8 El Capitan-type supercomputers would be needed.
But that figure is for machines at the world’s #1 level. Most of the 171 American TOP500 machines are significantly smaller, and many are designed for GPU/HPC workloads, not RandomX. So it does not mean that “just any 6–8 supercomputers” would be enough.
To surpass Monero’s current hashrate, around 40–60 American TOP500 supercomputers would be needed, starting with the most powerful ones.
But a hyperscaler like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud has enough aggregate power to attack Monero if the provider itself decided to dedicate a large portion of its CPU fleet to the attack.
All of this fades to 0 with Bitcoin.
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