🔒 Wasabi Wallet is an open-source, non-custodial Bitcoin wallet focused on privacy and available for desktop systems. It allows users to control their own private keys and provides features such as Tor 🧅, Coin Control, UTXO labeling, and privacy tools based on the WabiSabi protocol.
⚡ Electrum is a fast, secure, and lightweight Bitcoin wallet. It does not require users to download the entire blockchain and supports cold storage ❄️, multisignature wallets, hardware wallets, and the Lightning Network ⚡. Users remain in control of their own private keys.
🛡️ Sparrow Wallet is a desktop Bitcoin wallet designed around financial self-sovereignty, with an emphasis on security, privacy, and usability. It supports hardware wallets, multisignature wallets, PSBTs, Coin Control, and connections to Bitcoin Core or Electrum servers.
Aurelius
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Electrum Multisignature Wallet User Guide: Using a 2-of-3 Setup as an Example
Using a 2-of-3 setup as an example:
1. Prepare three separate devices, managed by A, B, and C respectively. All three devices should use the same wallet type, such as a Native SegWit multisignature wallet.
2. Each person creates a Multi-signature wallet in Electrum and selects 2 of 3.
3. Each person independently generates and backs up their own seed phrase. Seed phrases must not be sent to one another, shared, or captured in screenshots.
4. Each person records their own Master Public Key and sends it to the other two participants.
5. Each person uses their own seed phrase and then enters the Master Public Keys of the other two participants. In other words, each person needs their own seed phrase and the other two participants’ Master Public Keys.
6. Check the first receiving address on all three devices. The addresses must be exactly the same. If they are different, do not deposit any funds. Check the wallet type, the number of required signatures, the public keys, and the derivation path.
The backup should include your own seed phrase, all three participants’ Master Public Keys, the 2-of-3 configuration, the wallet type, and the derivation path.
The key principles are: each person keeps their own seed phrase secure, while the Master Public Keys can be shared among the participants. A complete multisignature wallet cannot be recovered using only one seed phrase.
Simply enter multiple master public keys without importing any private keys to create a watch-only multisignature wallet. It’s convenient and secure for everyday receiving. Give it a try!
Never share your seed phrase, passphrase, master private key, exported WIF private keys, or complete multisignature wallet configuration with anyone.
I strongly recommend that everyone use an Electrum multisignature wallet.
A multisignature wallet helps eliminate a single point of failure. For example, in a 2-of-3 setup, losing one seed phrase does not make the funds inaccessible, because any two of the remaining valid signing keys can authorize a transaction. Likewise, compromising a single seed phrase is not enough to spend the funds. However, the required threshold of signing keys must still be securely backed up; losing too many keys can result in permanent loss of access.
A regular single-signature SegWit address can begin with “bc1q,” and a multisignature P2WSH address can also begin with “bc1q.”
The master public key in a multisignature wallet is generated according to the multisignature derivation rules, while the master public key shown in a single-signature wallet is generated according to the single-signature derivation rules. Therefore, the two master public keys are not necessarily the same.
Official download page:
Verify the SHA-256 hash using the SHA256SUMS file provided there.
Bitcoin Core
Download - Bitcoin
Download - Bitcoin
Bitcoin Core 31.1 was published on July 08, 2026.
Bitcoin Core requires a one-time download of about 600GB of data plus a further 5-10GB per month. By default, you will need to store all of that data, but if you enable pruning, you can store as little as 10GB total without sacrificing any security.
Based on the Bitcoin Core project’s release dates, version 30.0 was released on October 10, 2025, and version 31.0 was released on April 20, 2026, making the interval between the two major releases 192 days.
Bitcoin Core 31.1; the latest stable release; released on July 8, 2026, at 09:14.
Bitcoin Core 30.3; the latest maintenance release in the 30.x series; released on July 10, 2026, at 09:34.
Bitcoin Core 29.4; the latest maintenance release in the 29.x series; released on July 10, 2026, at 14:25.
Bitcoin Core 31.0; the previous major release in the 31.x series; released on April 20, 2026, at 13:21.
As of September 10, 2026, the latest official Bitcoin Core release is Bitcoin Core 31.1, published on July 8, 2026; the GitHub release page shows the release time as July 8, 2026, at 09:14.
Shamir's Secret Sharing (SSS) is a cryptographic algorithm invented by Adi Shamir in 1979. It allows a secret to be divided into multiple parts so the original secret can be reconstructed only when a minimum number of shares are combined.
The Shamir scheme has an information-theoretic secrecy property when it is implemented correctly with unpredictable coefficients: fewer than the threshold of valid shares reveal no information about the secret. That mathematical property does not protect shares from poor storage, copied output, a compromised page, or an implementation defect.
Sovereignty is not a feature;
it is the foundation.
Since Shamir's Secret Sharing requires the reconstruction of the original private key, a compromised device during the recovery process could lead to a complete leak. Consequently, multisig is preferred for Bitcoin management, whereas Shamir is more appropriate for key redundancy and backup.
Shamir restores the full private key, risking a total leak if the device is hacked. Thus, multisig is better for managing Bitcoin, and Shamir is better for key backups.
When recovering a secret, Shamir Secret Sharing reconstructs the complete private key. If the device is compromised, the entire private key may be exposed. Therefore, multisignature wallets are generally more suitable for managing Bitcoin, while Shamir Secret Sharing is better suited for backing up private keys.
Shamir Secret Sharing (SSS) is a technique to break private information into smaller fragments to keep the information safe. Reconstructing the entire original data requires a certain amount of these shares.
Shamir Secret Sharing scheme, formulated by Adi Shamir in 1979, is an algorithm that enables a secret to be divided into multiple, distinct parts, but it only requires a certain threshold of the shares to reconstruct the entire secret. The shares are encrypted before they’re distributed in a group or network. No shareholder knows other participants’ encrypted shares.
Using the example above, you could decide on a threshold (say 2 of 3), which is the minimum number of shareholders required for the reconstruction. If Ogee forgot or lost his share of the password, Gigi and Georgie could combine their shares to reconstruct the password. This means that anything short of the threshold cannot reconstruct the original secret. With SSS, a higher threshold typically means there’s a higher level of security.