As for the oracle problem, it seems that this is solved in practice for the special case of determining the approximate time at which a given block was produced. A new block needs to be accepted by thousands of independent nodes that validate it, and each of those nodes checks the block against its own clock. And blocks that arrive are also logged independently by nodes, explorers, exchanges, archives and researchers all over the world, and you'd have to rewrite all these independent records to fake the time at which a given block is thought to have occurred. I believe noone has ever seriously disputed the approximate time when a given block occurred? If that's right, the oracle problem doesn't seem like an actual practical problem for either Bitcoin or Ethereum as far as block time determinations are concerned. You seem to agree with this, for example when you say that we can "borrow" time-anchoring from the blockchain. And as for global state, what exactly prevents us from borrowing that? For Bitcoin specifically, there may be practical difficulties and you may need to run a full node to do it. But that's design property of Bitcoin, not of blockchains. Inkan borrows global state from Ethereum in actual practice. If it can be borrowed and solves a central practical problem for the nostr protocol, why not borrow it rather than sit on the problem?