Hardship, or inequality?
I know it's not easy to distinguish this two thing, but I think that inequality means that poor people generally have less control over life choices
If everyone's equally poor, my hunch is that we'd see more children
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They’re both relative to the society and era.
When there was more absolute poverty prior to the industrial revolution, families were much bigger, especially for wealthier families. However, even poorer families had many more children but only about half reached adulthood. Children provided labour in agricultural societies and also took care of elderly parents.