If innovation happens by cross-pollination of fields, meaning simultaneous active navigation of different fields overlapping, then by definition specialization does not generate innovation, it only produces efficiency.
Innovation is what keeps civilization dynamic and moving forward - without it civilization stagnates and eventually digresses and cannibalizes itself.
It is hard to maintain control over a dynamic population. A dynamic civilization by definition is a decentralized civilization.
But a specialized population, where individuals are highly specialized in one field but cannot adequately navigate and operate in another field become highly efficient but easier to manipulate and control as they have no real knowledge of other dimensions of knowledge being used to manipulate them.
All of this under the guise and pretense of these highly specialized individuals' competency and high intelligence to avoid being capture by their governing bodies.
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