I'm going to address only (c), I hope that's fine. Think about OCEAN. They have bolt12 payouts. In order to use that, you just register your offer with them. Every share you submit is linked to that offer. They will try to pay you right away but if your node is offline, they simply write to the DB that this specific offer has made. Say 250k sats since the last payout. They MUST track whichiner has earned how much reward. There is no basically other way. Except! If each miner receives ecash instead of that db entry, the miner can withdraw to a bolt12 offer of any wallet they want without ever having to register it. The miner doesn't need an account. It doesn't need accounting either. The pool simply issues ecash for valid work and miners withdraw whenever they like to whatever destination they like. There is no way to link *THE SUBMITTED SHARES* to the withdrawal if done right. That's simply not possible with ordinary accounting. To (b), yes thats right but it's also trivial to fix using VPNs... It's not part of the problem I care about.