easy to read the data the wrong way & sound slick, but it doesn’t hold: 1. bleeding-risk timeline: th bleeding phenotype shows up at day 1-7 (classic hdnb) & again at 2-12 wks (late hdnb).  • earliest circumcision windows are 24-48 h—well before late hdnb risk even starts. 2. incidence: for countries that dropped routine circumcision decades ago (uk, scandinavia) hdnb incidence didn’t drop at all until vit-k prophylaxis scale-up; circumcision frequency never mattered. 3. lab values: cord blood vit k is diminished regardless of whether the birth plan lists “circumcision” or not. clotting factors remain depressed until exogenous k is given. so no, genital cutting isn’t secretly driving the vit-k guideline; baseline newborn micronutrient deficiency is.