I was about to my own comment to say that in this instance the correlation probably does mean something, but what we interpret from the chart can be ambiguous based on the assumed “causation”.
I think I agree with your above comment. Ability to harness (and consume) energy is a form of wealth.
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The causality is very likely inverted but everyone who posts this plot gets it the wrong way.
Higher energy consumption does not lead to wealth. Have you gotten richer by turning on your stove? That's implausible. It's the other way round. The wealthier you are, the more stoves you'll turn on.
While I agree with your general point, this specific reasoning is also flawed. People don't randomly consume energy, they only consume it for whatever they believe is valuable. One of those things are machines that produce stuff they need.
If you've found a diamond on a hike there's not really much energy.