ChatGpt gives this summary ➡️ Without internet SMS relays (TxTenna, mesh networks) Radio broadcasts (ham radio, Locha Mesh) Sneakernet (USB stick, QR code printouts) ➡️ Without computer Hardware wallet + microSD / QR code Possibly hand-written transactions (practically infeasible)

With all of these, at least one party must have access to the internet. Physical cash on the other hand works while both sender and receiver are 100% offline.

You said transported. Remember 12 words and you can cross borders. But sure: Satellite, radio, mesh, SMS, paper and probably more I can't think of now.