It's not a false dichotomy. It's a true dichotomy. When a person prior to Christ identifies as a sinner, admitting it is confession of what's true and the mercy he needs. And the Pharisee, pretending he's not a sinner prior to Christ, is lying. But once a man comes to Christ, admits he's a sinner in need of salvation, accepts Jesus as his Lord and Savior, and is born again and becomes a child of God, his old sin identity is crucified with Christ. And then the Father identifies that man through Christ, not sin, because no man can have two masters, and Jesus said, "I am the way, the truth, and the life. No man comes to the Father except by me." Therefore my dichotomy is correct, but your categories and sequence are wrong.

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In 1 Timothy 1:15 Paul, writing as an apostle, to other Christians, calls himself the foremost of sinners in the present tense. You also didn't address 1 John 1:8, another post-conversion verse. From John the apostle, to other Christians. In Colossians 3:5 Paul commands believers to put to death what is earthly in you, which only makes sense if something earthly remains to be put to death. Sanctification is a lifelong process. Luke 18 is a warning. The Pharisee stopped praying the sinner's prayer because he thinks his identity has moved past it. It is not a stage you graduate from.