Top-10 Known Bitcoin Holders (Approximate BTC)
1. Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonymous)
≈ 1,100,000 BTC
Early-miner cluster widely attributed to Satoshi.
2. Coinbase (custodial / exchange wallets, aggregated)
≈ 1,000,000 – 1,100,000 BTC
Coinbase is consistently shown as one of the world’s largest custodial holders.
3. ETF / Institutional Pools
≈ 700,000 – 900,000 BTC
Includes BlackRock iShares Bitcoin Trust and other ETF custodial holdings across multiple products.
4. MicroStrategy (corporate treasury)
≈ 650,000 BTC
Michael Saylor’s company remains the most aggressive corporate accumulator.
5. Binance (exchange custodial wallets, aggregated)
≈ 450,000 – 600,000 BTC
Represents multiple Binance cold wallets and custodial storage addresses.
6. U.S. Government 🇺🇸
≈ 325,000 BTC
Includes law-enforcement seizures plus the ~127,271 BTC “pig-butchering” seizure added to prior holdings.
7. China 🇨🇳 (aggregated seized / government-held)
≈ 180,000 – 190,000 BTC
Represents coins seized by various Chinese government bodies over multiple cases.
8. Grayscale / Converted ETF Holdings
≈ 160,000 – 180,000 BTC
Former GBTC custodial balances plus migrated ETF holdings.
9. Bitfinex (cold wallets & hack-recovery addresses)
≈ 90,000 – 150,000 BTC
Includes primary Bitfinex cold wallets and historically recovered hack-related addresses.
10. Tether (company reserves)
≈ 100,000 – 101,000 BTC
BTC held as part of Tether’s corporate reserve strategy.
