There's many items on that list where I wonder how they conclude this causal relation. How does somebody score a "death from lack of fruits"?
"Given we evolved from mostly fruit-eating mammals.": Modern fruits are nothing like what there was before agriculture and selective breeding. A modern apple or mango is full of fruit sugar and free of fiber compared to fruits 10k years ago and humans hardly evolved at the pace our diet did.
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Yes, this is aggregated data and it oversimplifies a lot because it is a globally-aggregated statistic. It's basically meaningless on its own, but broadly speaking the charts could be meaningful in some situations.
I was curious about this so I looked into their source, which comes from a 'Disease Burden' resource . But I'll share with you guys another tool for viewing this same data in a multitude of perspectives, it's much more granular:
https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/
What you want to do from here is go to the 'Explore' tab. Start by setting the display to 'Risk' instead of 'Cause' (but you can also explore Risk data). Select 'Dietary Risks' from the long drop-down. This is where you can select from all of the various dietary risks.
Hover over the 'Measure' options and read what they are. YLD's for instance is Years Lived with Disease.
Notably, for example, viewing the risk profile of YLD's of 'diets high in red meat' paints a very clear picture of America. Filtering here by age shows an even clearer picture.
That being said, there is a ton of data. Have fun ☺️
I agree this data is suspicious. How do they get at the root cause? I dunno. My uncle died last year from not eating enough bananas? 🤨
It is not just human breeding that makes fruits sweeter and less fibrous. The plant itself is under pressure to do that, to spread it's seed more effectively.
It is hard to find any fruit that hasn't been cultivated at least a little bit by humans over the last million years, even mangos and mangosteens. But some fruit has changed more than others.
Apples were created by Rome from crab apples, which are barely edible, it is not an ancient naturally-evolved fruit.
But fruits on plants where the apes live are more palatable than crab apples. Mostly figs, mangosteens, lychees, and they are not highly cultivated and bred.
I think it is a miscomprehension that fruit 10k years ago was far less sweet and far more fibrous... rather, I think our modern dietary excesses make sugar into a villian and we project that status onto all our knowledge. Yes, sugar is a villain if you are overeating, but it is nothing of the sort if you are not.
Therefore I think angiosperms made sweet palatable fruits for mammals to spread their seeds with. Also bees make ridiculously sweet honey, and we didn't breed them to do that. And hunter gatherer tribes eat large amounts of honey. Another data point against the "sugar is modern and evil" idea.