My findings so far
Damus: leaks IP, (cant swipe to see what user agent says π)
Amethyst: protects IP, leaks user agent (Amethyst/version_number)
Primal: protects IP and user agent (images appear to be proxied)
Gossip: leaks IP, no user agent
The link to the image leads to my server which reads the IP and user-agent from the request headers. It then renders it into the image. Every user sees something different depending on which client they use.