Can you easily get to ammonia from CC ?

I hadn't run across it to date. Is it useful as an energy storage medium?

ENERGY SUPER THREAD: 1. Outdoor wood boilers, can they make power? https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B1WHsx8vsg8SPElL9s 2. Modeling a solar installation: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4AxzjQOsx3xR16ghk - this is really where I became aware that energy storage is a big issue... 3. You can get military vehicle decoys off Alibaba, why not store hydrogen in them? https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4B9NCgLNBlSKXxWYC 4. Use excess energy for vacuum drying (and make hydrogen): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4OE1gKlTMIqkVtxyK 5. If you have an electric car and a woodgas generator at home, you effectively have a woodgas car... https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4WmrIu8mLsQqfumIK 6. Introduction to EVs (for people who actually want to "own" their car): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4isEL9ViuygL262wS 7. Turning a classic car into an EV: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B4squlHghPPjDgcYeu 8. My EV wishlist (this was later released, it's called the Slate Truck) https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B51UuwFhTHTgfR0faK 9. Nobody's really building coal or petroleum based power generation anymore, even China and India: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B5vWpvh0rPYmA651bE 10. Hybrids are efficient because the engine is tuned entirely for efficiency, but would be unusable to drive without the battery: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B62CIRsw1f71BL8Lse 11. Thermo-acoustic Engines! https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B63TiBTXYG4yCF4Zfs 12. EV adoption is a social contagion, after about 30%, adoption flies up to >90% https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B67MYUwGPVzscNmXcO 13. 200kw 50% efficient external combustion generator: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B68NnAHJnmJbzs9D2O 14. Kite style flying wind generators https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B6AXlhdADPkSiSE8Ce 15. Off-grid settlement https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B6RYHoznfdQsVpRu8u - not directly energy-related, but my analysis on this lead to realizing energy is THE PROBLEM and that motivated a lot of further research on the topic. 16. Gasoline from air sourced CO2 capture? Chemistry is real but it doesn't look that feasible. https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B6nYlVPgqhW56w9nQO 17. Methanol synthesis! https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B78b0GqhYqk8Vo7O2S 18. Hybrid Airplanes (not as dumb as they look): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/B9mPndssHnkF3SP7lg 19. Turns out, EV battery fires are super rare (who knew): https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BATr3jThMSrANBGtaS 20. Sunday Energy Post, storing energy with hydrogen: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BAqT8uoMirk4hqxHZw 21. Tangental: Nobody Understands Leyden Jars: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BAySnj8t1CerbFWADY 22. Sunday Energy Post, flow batteries: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BB56iMu1RKxmI8KAVs 23. Sodium metal fuel cells: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBBDmFBpvG2e9nDAga 24. Sunday Energy Post, flow batteries #2: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBJ5jdjywTPh3v6qjA 25. Ammonia is probably going to be the winner: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBKXuuhdD3FEjH8Mtc 26. Climate Change is (almost certainly) made up bullshit. https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBSoz8VR5GQ5BPhyb2 - The real reason to de-carbonize is because carbon requires mining, refining and transport which is irreducibly expensive. Not because tHe WoRlD iS EnDiNg 27. Fusion Energy is a Booby Prize: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBXXaCKT0Q2KN0trNo 28. Sunday Energy Post: Making ammonia at a smaller scale: https://pkteerium.xyz/@cjd/posts/BBY8wNTZwGiNcIbLBA More to come...

Does this work? RT: https://pkteerium.xyz/api/v1/statuses/B2llNAJEtQjzJs5TnM

Okay it's time for the Sunday Energy Post! For people who are new here, we're talking about storing energy. Solar panels are very cheap so there's no reason not to install enough to provide power throughout the year. But solar energy is so asymmetrical that if you have enough panels for "some" power in dark winter months, you're making a SHITLOAD of power in the summer. These Sunday posts are about how to store that energy. After a broad review of the available technologies, I have become convinced that Ammonia is the most realistic. Batteries will always have a place in temporary storage, given their fantastic efficiency and simplicity of operation, but the price of batteries is too high and for seasonal storage, so ammonia - despite lower efficiency and more hassle - is ideal for filling he gap. Ammonia has the chemical formula NH3 so all of its components can be gotten directly from air and water. You don't need to truck in a carbon source like coal - and then deal with mineral impurities and so on. Ammonia is a gas like propane, and it has about half the energy-per-liter. It can be used in an internal combustion engine, or in a fuel cell. It should not be used in a stove as it is toxic and very smelly. The whole challenge with ammonia is in making it. The classical method requires heat and pressure (the two devils). To wit, 350C (600F) and 300bar (4000psi). This is done in large ammonia plants which have extensive heat recuperation equipment so that they themselves are quite efficient. However, in whole they are inefficient because reactants must be transported to the plant and ammonia must be transported away to the customer. The reaction vessel for making ammonia looks like [fig 1]. I know of two promising technologies for scaling ammonia production down, one is to use a piston to make heat and pressure, and the other is electrochemical to avoid heat and pressure altogether. The piston idea is basically that (like in a diesel engine or diesel fire piston [fig 2]) you can get a lot of heat and pressure, temporarily, just by compressing a volume of gas with a piston. Moreover, the majority of that heat and pressure energy is given back to you as the piston returns, saving you the need for a large, high pressure, high temperature heat exchanger. The piston idea was patented in

US4816121A - Gas phase chemical reactor - Google Patents

Gas or vapor phase chemical reactions are conducted inside an open loop Stirling cycle apparatus which may operate as a heat engine or as a heat pu...

and

US10399860B2 - Synthesis of ammonia - Google Patents

An ammonia synthesis apparatus has a piston arranged to reciprocate within a cylinder, a piston rod arranged to drive the piston in a reciprocal mo...

(both of which are now expired). However, there is essentially nothing written on whether this Actually Works. The key question is whether the reaction can be made to happen fast enough that a useful amount of H2+N2 is reacted in each stroke of the "engine". --- The other promising direction is electrolytic. The topic of "Green Ammonia" is HOT HOT HOT. There are papers, chemistries, startups, and patents popping up like mushrooms all over. Apparently a lot of people have reached the same conclusion that I have. The real challenge is breaking N2 into single atomic nitrogen because the N2 triple bond is pretty strong (hence nitrogen being considered "inert"). A chemistry that I find quite compelling is Lithium Nitride based [fig 3]. The challenges are: 1. Getting the metallic lithium exposed to nitrogen (gas) to make Li3N (Lithium Nitride) 2. Driving electrolytic hydrogen to the Li3N to release NH3 (ammonia) and return Li+ to plate off as metallic lithium 3. Avoiding the hydrogen ions turning the lithium into LiH (Lithium Hydride) which will then not interact with nitrogen 4. Preventing the metallic lithium from reacting with the electrolyte, which has the job of carrying H+ ions to the Li3N - lithium is insanely reactive and it wants to fuck up everything it touches - which is why it works on nitrogen... 5. Preventing absolutely any water or oxygen from sneaking into the cell, because these will react with the lithium and make LiOH and other trash that is insanely hard to return to useful metallic lithium. 1 is tricky because you want the lithium to touch gasious nitrogen so it becomes Li3N, but also to touch electrolyte so it can be converted back. I think the best idea is to have a cell with liquid level cycling up and down - like breathing. Choice of electrolyte is another challenge, it needs to transport hydrogen, but it also needs to avoid interacting with lithium. A popular electrolyte is ethanol, but ethanol converts lithium into lithium ethoxide and hydrogen gas. This is mitigated by the fact that it creates an SEI (solid-electrolyte-interface) which stops further degradation. But I'm not that favorable to the SEI because nitrogen needs to also pierce through it. This is not a lithium ion battery. My favorite electrolyte is actually ammonia itself. Yes, it means the cell must run under some pressure (11bar / 150psi or so), but it reduces the number of unique chemicals in the cell, and it means there's no separation of gasses needed. The only gas is nitrogen, and the product ammonia becomes part of the electrolyte. The interaction risk with ammonia is the same as with hydrogen, it can hydrogenate the lithium - so problems 3 and 4 become the same problem. Problem number 5 is two-fold, firstly it requires very good nitrogen cleaning because you're pulling N2 out of the air and you don't want any H2O, O2, or other stuff coming along with it. Getting N2 contaminants down to low-PPM numbers is a more-or-less solved problem. The bigger problem is from the hydrogen side. If you want to generate ammonia *efficiently*, you want to combine it with water electrolysis, because the lithium hydride will assist in pulling the H+ ions across, reducing the energy input. So what you do is put water on one side of the cell, ammonia on the other, and a membrane between them. But the membrane must be nearly perfect at excluding H2O while carrying H+. Ion exchange membranes are commonplace, but they typically need to be "wet" in order to work, and they generally leak at least a little bit of water across. There are also ceramic ion carriers, but they need to be hot in order to work. Finding an H+ carrying membrane carrier that will be very good at not passing water is an important part of building a good electrolytic ammonia cell.

All of those numbers are insane considering the fact that we will certainly be able to drill for heat within the next hundred years and at that point we don't really need to worry about any kind of nuclear power.

David: Did you see the driving4answers video from today about French and Italian auto-makers bringing classical European style into EVs ?

Sure sure, and uranium can be mined, and plutonium can be bred, and thorium is very abundant... The supposed advantage of fusion here is kind of illusory.

Great video. French and Italian car companies pushing back against the soullessness of modern EVs.

Sunday Energy Post coming soon, but in the mean time, a mini-post related to energy: As nuclear fusion seems to finally be coming close to reality, it's becoming more and more apparent this whole thing is bit of a Booby Prize. Fusion was originally touted as the key to Infinite Clean Energy, but all of it's supposed advantages have qualifications that make it really not that good at all. 1. "Fusion is done with abundant hydrogen" - No, it's done with deuterium and tritium, which are isotopes of hydrogen and are actually pretty rare. Deuterium isn't rare enough to be a real supply constraint, but tritium is. Ironically the best way to make tritium is in a (classical) fission reactor... 2. "Fusion doesn't make nuclear waste" - Hahaha, maybe not in the fundamental reaction itself, but what do you suppose happens when that neutron flies off and slams into part of the reactor? A lot of what's generally called "radioactive waste" is not actually spent fuel, but rather normal things that have been exposed to enough radiation that they are now considered radioactive. 3. "Fusion will be easier" - Noooooo. In a classical nuclear plant, you bring fuel close to other fuel and they spontaneously begin exchanging neutrons and doing fission. In a fusion reactor, you use electricity to make plasma and then you heat and confine it to temperatures and pressures that are unseen on earth outside of a nuclear bomb, and only THEN does fusion begin to occur. So the conclusion is that while fusion is an interesting thing to be able to do, trying to extract energy from it is really kind of a pointless exercise. And table-top fusion has been possible since the 1960s when Philo Farnsworth (the farm boy who invented the CRT television tube) figured out how to do it in a (near) vacuum. There are youtubers who build and run Farnsworth Fusors and are able to get meaningful amounts of neutron radiation off of them. But I would argue that if half the effort that has gone into self-sustaining fusion had instead gone into molten salt reactors, we would have actually gotten the more-or-less infinite energy that we were promised.

Is the grok bot thing on fedi just wired to never answer any question and only complain that everything anyone asks is somehow problematic?

I see this reply but my notifications show zero. I'm like "is something wrong with my pleroma" before realizing it was for someone else 😂 RT:

Merovingian Club

Zeb 🏴‍☠️ (@Zeb@merovingian.club)

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Just look at everyone who wants to hate on Elon Musk - because he was able to accomplish really incredible things. And then those same people have nothing to say about Gates, Epstein, or the Sacker family. Sad reality: there's a lot of bucket-crabs in this world.

Are we all in agreement that monarchist and amerika are the same person? RT:

North American

monarchist (@monarchist@na.social)

@PNS@noauthority.social Deport

Not taking them because they're too new and lots of new stuff turned out to be bad news is smart. But then if you're not taking them and your neighbor is, and they're losing a bunch of weight and you're not, well you feel like a loser. So classic human psychology, become invested in there being some bad side to them, and then end up kind of "hoping" for it... Very realistic progression, nothing that esoteric.

Yes and no. I agree that he's definitely selling these to "upper middle" strivers. Like basically an expensive Mustang - that's the one with no thrusters. But he's also selling to like oligarch founder types (and Jay Leno) that just do not care what the number is and want one of The Fastest Car On The Road. And that's the "price not disclosed" invite only car... Legacy brand shit is another can of worms, indeed. But you can't compete with Rolls Royce unless you are literally Rolls Royce, so he's being smart by not trying. I think when these things start coming out, the thrusters are going to create quite a lot of drama in the no-prep / cash days / grudge racing scene, because basically anyone can have a 2500hp LS, and the entire problem at this point is getting that to the track. Well, one guy has thrusters and the other guy doesn't, might as well have come with a bicycle. Then the sucker fan, I think that's going to make a lot of noice in places like the Nurburgring because when you have that kind of down-force, you can do corners a lot faster... There's a reason F1 banned sucker-fans...

I think Elon will be able to sell a fair number of roadsters just on account of the fact that they'll be untouchable in a street race. So whatever you can have your porche, but against a roadster it's gonna be slow as dogshit.

I'd be very curious how that corresponds to 8th and quarter mile times. It looks like it's 1000hp of electric motors, plus thrust. And fans making cheater-downforce... My wild guess is that it probably ranks with top fuelers on the 8th mile, and on the quarter it's probably a respectable streetcar. On no-prep and shitty tracks where downforce matters, it's probably undefeated.

> If we allow Ukraine to fall, I believe we will have opened the door for the Russians to move into other parts of Europe. Thank You Captain Obvious. Unfortunately, she doesn't look like she'd be much with a rifle, and the men who would are not gonna lift a finger for a government that systematically denied them employment, housing, and the ability to raise a family. So what we have here is a classic case of Fuck Around, Learn Russian. And we're just getting into the Learn Russian part.

News from the Hate Nazis, Hate Israel quadrant. RT:

Mastodon

Kenneth John Bardsley (@kennethb@mastodon.world)

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