There is Bitcoin inflation, but not in the way you might think. In fact, Bitcoin is deflationary, not inflationary. You often hear the phrase "Bitcoin is deflationary," but it's incorrect. Each time a block is validated, new bitcoins are created to reward miners for their computational work. This issuance increases the total amount in circulation, just as a state's monetary base increases with money issuance. The difference is that no one decides this; it's all written in the code. Bitcoin inflation equals the ratio of the existing stock of bitcoins to the new amount issued in a given time interval. Currently, Bitcoin inflation is around 0.83% per year and will be cut in half after the next halving. In the fiat system, inflation arises from political and monetary decisions, such as interest rates, emissions, and fiscal stimuli. However, in the Bitcoin protocol, it is an algorithmic constant. Every 210,000 blocks (approximately four years), the reward is halved. This results in a finite, deterministic, and transparent supply curve down to the last decimal place, converging to 21 million BTC. In Bitcoin, inflation does not destroy purchasing power. Initially, it serves as an incentive that allows the network to exist until transaction fees become sufficient to maintain it. It is not an invisible tax; it is a rule that applies to everyone equally. While inflation in fiat currencies redistributes wealth without consent, Bitcoin distributes security fairly. Every miner participates under the same conditions; no one can create more than the protocol allows. With each halving, the number of new bitcoins decreases by 50%. Thus, the supply curve flattens and scarcity increases mathematically rather than emotionally. It's a law of digital nature: over time, Bitcoin transforms from a technical means into a social good. By 2140, issuance will be zero. Although inflation will be eliminated, the network will continue to function; energy will sustain trust, not politics. Bitcoin is not "deflationary"; it is a system of predictable and decreasing inflation based on energy, code, and transparency. It does not promise returns; it promises temporal equity. What you receive today is proportional to the time and work you have spent, not a central decision. Fear arises from disorder; trust arises from predictability. #deflationary #inflation #bitcoin #timechain #algorithm #power #miner #supply #2140 #fear #trust

Bitcoin as a social asset: Freedom to understand. We have discussed inflation, credit, trust, and deflation. The question now is not economic, but human: What does all this have to do with freedom? Bitcoin is not a myth; it is a lens. It reveals how money is created, who receives it first, and how trust is distributed. It is not an escape from the system but rather a means of understanding and correcting it. Bitcoin is the infrastructure that gives everyone the right to act economically, even when the traditional system fails. Bitcoin is a social good because it provides everyone with the same opportunities: a bank account for the unbanked, It provides a verifiable tax position, access to energy, water, knowledge, and exchange. Bitcoin is based on energy, which fuels life, freedom, and progress. Therefore, it reduces waste and optimizes the use of global resources. Bitcoin does not promise equality of results, but rather, equality of rules. It transforms responsibility into a conscious choice. Bitcoin does not divide people into believers and skeptics. Rather, it separates those who understand from those who delegate. Those who understand the system are not swayed by fear. True freedom lies in widespread economic competence, which restores dignity and autonomy to the individual. Every society is based on trust. When trust is concentrated, it dies out. Bitcoin distributes trust over time, space, and among people. However, without education, freedom becomes risky. Understanding is the first form of security. The price changes. The rules do not. Bitcoin is not a refuge; it's an invitation to understand, choose, and participate. It is not a currency; it is a cryptoasset, combining energy, technology, and freedom. Bitcoin is freedom because it works when everything else stops. During crises, wars, or famines, it continues to operate. It discourages conflict by redistributing power and trust. It gives a voice to the voiceless. Fear is cured with free knowledge. Always. All shared knowledge becomes a social good. Bitcoin is an example of this. Study Bitcoin. #study #bitcoin #asset #social #freedom #knowledge #good #fear

Bitcoin is a distributed cryptoasset in a world of credit. Inflation, credit, deflation, and trust. We have seen how the flow of money determines who wins and who loses. The question now is where Bitcoin fits into all this. Bitcoin is a distributed economic network that records transactions on a public ledger called the timechain. It is neither a company nor a currency. Rather, it is a distributed cryptoasset, which is a digital asset based on cryptography and energy. Its protocol defines a predetermined supply of 21 million units. No authority can change this supply. The rules are public, verifiable, and the same for everyone. Bitcoin is not a "base currency" and is not intended to replace existing currencies. Rather, it is a monetary technology that introduces a new level of transparency, discipline, and freedom of choice into the system. A non-discretionary supply provides a stable point of reference over time. In the short term, the price in euros or dollars fluctuates, but in the long term, credibility based on scarcity—whether energy, mathematical, or digital—is key. Bitcoin's value does not measure wealth but rather the progress of the technology that underpins it. In the traditional system, new money enters from the top and does not reach everyone equally. Bitcoin, on the other hand, is created from the bottom up, and anyone can access it without permission. There is no "first beneficiary" (Cantillon). Even if entry channels (institutions) recreate asymmetries, the protocol remains neutral and accessible. In the world of credit, money is created out of thin air. In Bitcoin, not so much. Credit may exist, but it does not create new BTC. The supply remains fixed; debt cannot inflate the underlying asset. This is why Bitcoin separates real value from leverage. Bitcoin does not eliminate economic cycles, but it makes them more predictable. It introduces monetary disinflation, which is beneficial if productivity grows but risky if trust is lacking. Its rules do not change based on governments or crises. This stability creates a new area of individual responsibility. Bitcoin's underlying asset is energy. Proof-of-work links security to the physical cost of maintaining it; each block is the result of real work. This cost is not waste; it is the cost of security. Integrating this network with waste energy, whether renewable or nuclear, reduces waste and improves the system's overall efficiency. Bitcoin does not promise returns. It promises verifiable rules. Bitcoin is not a currency, but rather a distributed asset that restores voice and responsibility. In a world based on credit, this is an epochal change. #bitcoin #distributed #cryptoasset #world #economy #network #public #proofofwork

The deflationary spiral is the silent brake on hope. Everyone fears inflation. But few remember that deflation can also be destructive. Not because "prices fall," but because when they do so for the wrong reasons, the entire economic system begins to shut down. Deflation is the persistent reduction in the general price level. A "deflationary spiral" occurs when this decline feeds on itself: Prices fall, consumption is postponed, production is reduced, redundancies occur, unemployment rises, incomes fall, and demand decreases. Prices then fall again. Although it seems like a neutral phenomenon, it is deeply human. Fear of the future leads to waiting, and waiting freezes economic life. People do not act, invest, or consume because they believe that "tomorrow it will cost less." In this "tomorrow that never comes," confidence dies. This has happened several times before. During the Great Depression of the 1930s in the United States, prices, wages, and credit collapsed. The real value of debts increased, banks failed, and millions of people lost their jobs and homes. In the 1990s, Japan experienced two "lost decades": falling prices, a stagnant economy, and a population that saved out of fear. Today, China is showing similar signs: weak domestic demand, falling producer prices, and slowing exports. History does not repeat itself, but it often rhymes. Deflation hits those who have the least the hardest. Debts become heavier in real terms. Nominal wages fall. Companies cut investment and employment. Young people see opportunities and futures slip away. Yet, not all deflation is bad. When it results from greater productivity, such as technological advances, increased efficiency, and reduced costs, it can lower prices without destroying demand. However, when deflation stems from mistrust and debt, it becomes a slow poison. From a geopolitical point of view, deflation is also a silent weapon. It pushes countries to devalue their currencies, compete on prices, and protect their markets. Deflation reduces risk appetite and slows the transition to clean energy and technology. Stagnation stifles innovation. This is why those who discuss economics, currency, or Bitcoin cannot ignore it. A deflationary economy increases the real value of money, but only at the cost of a contracting economy, drying up credit, and eroding confidence. If Bitcoin is a social asset, then it must exist in a society that acts, not one that waits. The risk of deflation lies not in the numbers, but in the minds of those who stop believing that tomorrow can be better than today. Deflation is not just "falling prices"; it is the silent brake on hope. #deflation #falling #price #hope #inflation #bitcoin #economy #asset

🌬 What if we stopped creating money? Imagine if, tomorrow, all banks decided to stop granting loans. There would be no new mortgages, no credit for businesses, and no overdrafts for households. What would happen? Money would stop circulating. Most of the money we use is not physical; it's scriptural, or credit-based. When credit stops, money withdraws. When money withdraws, the economy cools down. Less credit means less spending. Less spending means less demand. Fewer people will produce, work, and earn income. This is the beginning of a deflationary spiral, a self-perpetuating chain. Prices begin to fall. While this may seem like good news, it is not. If prices fall, people postpone consumption, waiting for prices to fall further. Companies reduce production, wages stagnate, and debts become harder to repay. The real value of our debts increases, even if our earnings decrease. This is the deflation trap described by Irving Fisher as early as 1933 and adopted by Keynes. When confidence disappears, money stops moving, and economic time stands still. In a modern economy, failing to create money is like failing to circulate oxygen. This isn't because "inflation is needed," but because balance is needed. Money must expand in line with production and confidence in the future. If money stops, so does the economy. A society that no longer trusts itself will stop investing, innovating, and imagining. The economy does not die from inflation. It dies from immobility. #if #immobility #economy #inflation #stop #create #money

💧 The Cantillon effect explains who gains from new money. Not all money is created equal. It depends on where it enters the system and who receives it first. This is the essence of the Cantillon effect, which was formulated in the 18th century by Irish economist Richard Cantillon. Cantillon was one of the first to observe that money creation produces distributional effects, not just inflationary ones. When the central bank or commercial banks inject new money into the system, it does not reach everyone at the same time. The first beneficiaries—banks, large companies, and financial markets—receive the money before prices rise. They can then spend or invest it with greater purchasing power. Those who receive the money later (workers, pensioners, and families) find themselves facing higher prices. The result is that the new money transfers wealth from those who receive it last to those who receive it first. This mechanism is not a "conspiracy," but rather a structural consequence of the current credit system. Money enters the system from the top, through the financial channel, and only then does it reach the real economy. Meanwhile, assets (such as shares, real estate, and raw materials) increase in value while wages remain static. This is why the perception of injustice grows even with "low" inflation: the problem is not how much money increases, but who intercepts it along the way. The Cantillon effect reminds us that money is not neutral. Every monetary flow reshapes social relations. Those who create credit indirectly determine who can afford more and who can afford less. Understanding this means recognizing that the economy is not destiny but a human construct. Money is like rain; if it always falls on the same fields, drought occurs elsewhere. Freedom comes from understanding where it falls. ❓️What if we stopped creating money? 🔜 [Continued...] 📶 Stay tuned. #cantillon #effect #rain #money #central #bank #inflation

💭 2% is not a lie. It is an average. Many people think that 2% inflation is a lie. And, in their own way, they are right. Because that 2% is an average, not our real life. Institutions calculate the average increase in prices for thousands of goods and services: bread, energy, rents, technology, transport, leisure. But each of us has our own personal basket. Those who live in rented accommodation, those who have children, those who work far away, those who pay for a car or bills: everyone experiences different levels of inflation. And the goods that really matter — food, housing, energy — are not increasing by 2%, but by 20, 30, 50%. The problem is not the index. The problem is that wages are not growing as fast as prices. Between 2000 and 2023, real wages in Italy increased by only 0.4%. Zero point four. In Germany, they increased by 34%. In the United States, by 49%. And we wonder why we are poorer. Keynes said that a little inflation helps the economy: it encourages investment, moves money around and creates jobs. But it only works if the fruits of growth also reach workers. When productivity rises and wages remain static, inflation does not stimulate: it devours. It is not the ECB that is stealing our purchasing power. It is a system that no longer distributes the value it creates. 2% is not a lie. It is a blurred photograph. To see clearly, we must ask ourselves where inflation hits, who pays for it and who gains from it. Only then will we understand why life costs more, and why the truth is not in the numbers, but in the daily experience of those who live them. Because fear is cured by free knowledge. Always. #freedom #free #knowledge #inflation #bitcoin #average #lie #truth #real

☯️ Man, fear and truth. Man fears what he does not know. When fear stems from ignorance, it becomes a tool of power: those who do not understand are easy to frighten. But there is also a 'good' kind of fear: the kind that drives us to understand, to study, to seek the truth. Knowledge does not eliminate fear, it transforms it. It takes us from terror to awareness of the complexity and rules of the world we live in. Inflation, currency, central banks are not invisible monsters: they are human constructs, imperfect tools, but necessary for organising economic coexistence. We cannot eliminate them, but we can understand them, and therefore demand that they work better. True freedom does not lie in having more money, but in knowing what it is. Those who know how money works do not allow themselves to be bought by fear. Those who know how to read a family budget are no longer a number in the statistics. Those who know, choose. That is why awareness is a political, moral and human act. Because it frees us from blind suspicion and restores the dignity of thought. Truth is never absolute, but it is always verifiable. And the first truth to accept is this: fear is cured by free knowledge. Always. Bitcoin or euro, gold or shells: the problem is not the medium of exchange, it is the person who uses it without understanding it. Understanding does not mean accepting, it means seeing further. 🔜 [continue...] 📶 Stay tuned #man #fear #truth #inflation #bitcoin #euro #gold #knowledge

📈 Understanding inflation so you don't have to fear it. Fear arises when we don't understand. In economics, ignorance is not a crime; it's a common human condition. No one has really explained inflation to us, nor have they taught us how to defend ourselves against those who use economics to confuse us. Inflation simply means that, on average, prices are rising. It is neither an "order from above" nor a conspiracy by central banks. Rather, it is a reflection of the prices of goods and services, such as bread, bills, rent, gasoline, clothing, and technology. When these prices rise overall, we say there is inflation. However, no one "decides" this. Rather, it is the result of global factors such as wars, energy, raw materials, and logistics. Central banks do not decide how much bread or gasoline should cost. Their task is to keep the value of money stable over time, which is why they aim for inflation "around 2%." They don't try to "create" inflation; they try to avoid extremes, such as uncontrolled inflation or deflation (falling prices that cool the economy). For example, if your doctor tells you that the ideal body temperature is 37°C, it does not mean that they want you to have a fever. They are simply explaining that 37°C is equilibrium. The same applies to the central bank. It does not "want" inflation; it wants to prevent the economy from becoming ill. So, who prints money? No one, as you might imagine. Today, money is not physical currency; it is credit. When a bank grants you a loan, the money is created at that moment. When you pay it back, the money disappears. The central bank does not decide how much money is in circulation; rather, it decides how much that money costs by adjusting interest rates. When rates rise, the cost of borrowing money increases, which slows down the economy. If rates fall, credit expands and more money is created. It's a delicate balance, not a magic button. Italy ranks last in Europe for financial education. It is not our fault, but rather the fault of an education system that has forgotten to teach us how the things that govern us every day work. 🔜 [Continued...] 📶 Stay tuned. #inflation #truth #bitcoin #central #bank #money #fear #human

📆 October 31, 2008 – October 31, 2025 🎂 Seventeen years since the Bitcoin White Paper: "A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" ‐ Satoshi Nakamoto On October 31, 2008, as the world was facing its deepest financial crisis since the Great Depression, a nine-page document was published on a small cryptography mailing list: the Bitcoin White Paper. These nine pages, like a seed sown in silence, would sprout one of the most profound revolutions of our time. It was not a political appeal. It was not an ideological statement. Rather, it was the technical description of a philosophical idea: to give human beings back the ability to trust without having to believe. Satoshi Nakamoto, a faceless name, chose anonymity as a symbolic gesture; the author eclipsed himself to let the work speak for itself. Bitcoin was not created as a tool of rebellion but rather as an answer to an age-old question: How can people cooperate, exchange value, and develop economic relationships without delegating trust to institutions, intermediaries, or central authorities? This did not imply a lack of trust in others, but rather a trust in humanity. It implied trust in their discernment, responsibility, and freedom to choose. Bitcoin is not just a technological project; it is a social asset. It was created to remind us that freedom is not a privilege granted by others, but rather a natural condition that must be defended by being distributed. Every node, every user, and every individual who participates in its functioning is a living part of this balance. Satoshi did not want to create a currency. He wanted to return currency to society, freeing it from manipulation, corruption, and arbitrariness. He wanted to create a system where rules replaced power, transparency replaced blind faith, and individual responsibility became the basis of civilized living again. The white paper does not discuss price, investment, or returns. Instead, it discusses peer-to-peer trust, transparency as a means of fostering honesty, and autonomy through knowledge. It is a manifesto for a society in which cooperation arises from the bottom up rather than being imposed from the top down. Bitcoin is a collective memory that never forgets. Each block is a testament to human history, proof that truth can be shared and verified but not owned. Its distributed functioning reflects an ethical vision—the idea that truth, like freedom, cannot have an owner. Seventeen years later, Bitcoin is no longer an experiment. It is a living, imperfect, and controversial reality that is unequivocally human. It is the legacy of a thought that does not seek approval but understanding. It does not seek consensus, but rather awareness. Celebrating Bitcoin today does not mean idolizing its price or technology. It means remembering why it exists. Because one day, someone hidden behind a pseudonym believed it was possible to create a value system based not on blind trust but on shared truth. First and foremost, Bitcoin is a social and moral message: Humans are capable of cooperating, being honest, and creating order and value without command or debt. Bitcoin reminds us that freedom is not a cry; it is a distributed structure of responsibility. Today, 17 years after October 31, 2008, we celebrate not the technology but the idea. Not the software, but the hope. Not the currency, but humanity. Bitcoin was not created to change money. It was created to change our understanding of freedom. #freedom #human #whitepaper #10312008 #bitcoin #satoshi #nakamoto #technology #awarness #trust

In order to fully accept Bitcoin as a peaceful, nonviolent social revolution, we must also acknowledge and address its negative aspects. Every day, we walk a fine line called fear. On one side is terror, which can manipulate us by influencing our choices on a subconscious level. On the other side is awareness, which comes from freedom and knowledge. Even with Bitcoin, we should not limit ourselves to seeing only its "revolutionary" and positive aspects. We must also recognize its potential downsides, such as its instrumental use in sensitive geopolitical contexts. Ultimately, Bitcoin can be a powerful tool for freedom, but only if it is accompanied by deep awareness and authentic knowledge. I remember what the Cypherpunk manifesto tells us: There is a crucial difference between secrecy and privacy. > Secrecy is imposition, concealment, and opacity. A secret is something we don't want anyone to know, so we hide it. > Privacy, on the other hand, is self-determination, protection, personal dignity, and the freedom to choose what to share and with whom. Bitcoin can be a tool for conscious privacy if used with integrity. However, it can also be bent to the logic of power, exploitation, or authoritarianism. Ultimately, it is up to us to choose which side of history we want to be on. #bitcoin #awarness #knowledge #freedom #cypherpunk #manifesto #privacy #secrecy #revolution

📜 Bitcoin didn't come out of nowhere. It is the result of over 40 years of innovation. From the development of asymmetric cryptography in the 1970s to the launch of the Genesis Block in 2009 — via cypherpunk mailing lists, David Chaum's electronic cash systems, Adam Back's Hashcash, and peer-to-peer protocols such as BitTorrent and Tor — each step laid the groundwork for Bitcoin. 🔐 Bitcoin is not just technology; it is also a cultural and political response. It is the legacy of mathematicians, hackers, engineers, and activists who fought for privacy, individual freedom, and digital autonomy. Bitcoin is the convergence of seven conceptual pillars: cryptography, timestamping, digital identities, fault tolerance, digital cash, proof of work, smart contracts, and peer-to-peer networks. 📕 Behind every transaction is a century of history. 📌 Behind every block is a philosophy of resistance. 🚫 It is not an impromptu invention. It is a point of arrival and a new beginning. 👉 Bitcoin is culture. It is engineering. It is a silent revolution. 🧠 Understanding its genesis means recognizing that it is not just a "digital currency," but rather a distributed social asset created to forever change the relationship between individuals, the state, and information. ⚡️ Cypherpunks write code. Today, we raise awareness. #bitcoin #cypherpunk #code #awarness #genesis #technology #story #evolution

🔥 Bitcoin, Wagner, and the Central African Republic: What Is Really Behind It? In 2022, the Central African Republic became the second country (after El Salvador) to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender. A monetary revolution? Perhaps. An illusion? Probably. A geopolitical operation? Much more likely. The law, which was passed "unanimously" by the Central African Parliament, has a murky background. 🔻 A poor state with abundant gold, diamonds, and uranium. 🔻 A colonial currency, the CFA franc, is still in use and guaranteed by France. 🔻 And above all, there is a profound Russian influence exercised by the notorious Wagner Group, which guarantees "security" in exchange for control of resources. 🔍 According to many international sources, such as France24, Bloomberg, and The Economist, the adoption of Bitcoin may have been suggested or encouraged by Wagner itself in order to: - Facilitate opaque transactions related to mining. - circumvent traditional banking circuits and Western sanctions; - Build an alternative model of monetary sovereignty that functions as an anti-IMF and anti-Western force. The Central African government then launched its own cryptocurrency, the Sango Coin, promising to "tokenize the subsoil." The result? A failed project. The Constitutional Court ruled against it. The population has no internet. Real adoption of Bitcoin is virtually nonexistent. 💣 But the political message remains: Bitcoin was used as a narrative tool of rupture and resistance even when the economic infrastructure wasn't ready. 🧠 Perhaps we should ask ourselves who benefits from "crypto adoption" without freedom, transparency, and autonomy. Bitcoin can be a social good. However, not everyone uses it for constructive purposes. Some simply use it to hide. 🔗 Main sources: Bloomberg, France24, The Economist, and CoinDesk. #bitcoin #legal #tender #value #fiat #elsalvador #rca #cypherpunk

👋 Hello everyone! 📖 I am pleased to announce the publication of my dissertation on Bitcoin and energy. The open-source PDF is currently available only in Italian at the link below, but will soon be available in English as well. #bitcoin #energy #nuclear #sustainability #efficiency #enviroinmental #economy #thesis #study #research #public

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Jacopo Graziuso | Instagram | Linktree

Trainee economist, lecturer and populariser. My research include economics, finance, geopolitics, Bitcoin, and the future. Awareness = freedom + kn...

📊 SUSPICIOUSLY ORDERLY MOVEMENTS It all happened in a matter of hours. 🟡 PAX Gold: +1.06% 🟠 Bitcoin: -4.41% Look at the charts. Two opposite trends occurred within the same time frame. But what is truly astonishing is the surgical precision of BTC's downward movement. There was no chaos or uncontrolled volatility, just sharp, coordinated declines as if someone were following a well-defined plan. 🚨 It's crazy! If small retailers were responsible, the movements would appear much more disorderly and fragmented. Here, however, it seems to be a strategic, lucid maneuver: we could be witnessing the actions of large operators such as investment funds, asset managers, or institutional desks. 💼 In these cases, it's not the price itself that speaks, but the way it moves. Today, the message seems clear: someone has pressed hard on the accelerator. But who, and why now? #gold #bitcoin #market #asset #manager #price #retail #controll #finance #crazy

Salento Bitcoin has arrived in Fornelli to admire the fifth statue of revolutionary visionary Satoshi Nakamoto. Thank you, Mattia Pannoni. #satoshi #nakamoto #fornelli #bitcoin #art #statue

🎯 Bitcoin's Timetable 📉 The halving schedule until 2140 Bitcoin is the only asset whose supply is mathematically programmed. Every four years or so, the reward for miners is cut in half. This process is called "halving." The graph shows when the next halving will happen and by how much. 📌 Important: The years shown are estimates because blocks are mined at average intervals (every ~10 minutes). However, the reward, quantity issued, and blocks are certain and unchangeable because they are determined by the code itself. 📊 By 2140, the last BTC will be mined. After that, there will be no more new issuance. Bitcoin will be completely finished: 21 million, forever. And after that? What will happen? 💬 Open debate: - Miners will only work thanks to transaction fees. - Will those fees be enough to protect the network? - Will we see new incentive and fee management models? - Will Bitcoin become a global unit of account, or will it become the definitive "digital reserve"? Bitcoin is more than just technology. It is a social, economic, and cultural experiment. 🧠 Let us reflect together: What happens when currency can no longer be inflated? #endofbitcoin #bitcoin #mining #end #finish #block #reward #fee #2140 #halving #scarcity

🔒 Coinbase was attacked by hackers. The bug was not in the code, but in human error. The hackers who attacked Coinbase did not crack the code, breach the firewalls, or exploit technical vulnerabilities. They didn't write malware or force cryptographic algorithms. They did something much simpler—and much more effective. They bought the silence of some customer support employees. Through bribery, they obtained sensitive data from some 97,000 users, including names, identity documents, banking information, and transaction history. There were no software breaches. There was no theft of private keys. Only corruption. Just human frailty. Once they had the data, the cybercriminals demanded $20 million in Bitcoin in exchange for not publicly disclosing everything. Coinbase refused. The company chose to face the consequences instead, spending up to $400 million to contain the damage, strengthen systems, compensate customers, and regain control of the situation. This time, the real bug was not in the code. It was in the people. This episode reminds us that security involves not only technology but also trust, transparency, and human integrity. No matter how robust a cryptographic protocol is, if those managing it are vulnerable, the whole system can collapse. 🔗 Official sources: Coinbase Blog, May 2025:

Protecting Our Customers - Standing Up to Extortionists

Tl;dr: Cyber criminals bribed and recruited a group of rogue overseas support agents to steal Coinbase customer data to facilitate social engineeri...

Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/business/coinbase-says-cyber-criminals-stole-account-data-some-customers-2025-05-15/?utm_source= #coinbase #hack #crack #human #blog #corruption #attack #data

🧱 What is the "UTXO set"? The Invisible Heart of Bitcoin 🧮 You often hear about transactions, addresses, and wallets, but behind the scenes is a fundamental mechanism that makes it all possible: the UTXO set. 🔐🔄 🔎 UTXO stands for unspent transaction output. Every Bitcoin transaction spends one or more previous outputs and generates new ones. These "unspent" outputs are called UTXOs. 📦 Think of them as ready-to-use digital coins, each with a precise value and a cryptographic "unlock condition." 💼 Your BTC balance is not like a bank account! 👉 If you see 0.1 BTC in your wallet, it means you have one or more UTXOs whose values add up to that amount. There is no aggregate account; rather, there is a set of traceable and verifiable "mini-coins." 🧠 What is the UTXO set? It is the complete, up-to-date set of all existing UTXOs on the network. 📍 Each complete Bitcoin node maintains its own copy of the set locally and uses it to verify that: ✅ The inputs of new transactions are still spendable ❌ There is no double spending. 🔒 The unlock conditions are met. 🏗 How does a transaction work? It takes one or more existing UTXOs as input. - Creates new UTXOs as output - Any difference between the input and output is the miner's fee. 💰 If something is left over, a change output is created for the sender. 🔄 🛠 Why is this important? The UTXO model is transparent, secure, and auditable. - Prevents the creation of bitcoins out of thin air - Makes transactions verifiable independently of each node It ensures network immutability and reliability ⚙️ Technical Curiosity: The UTXO set grows over time and can weigh several GB of data. Nodes use optimizations for this reason, but the set is never "pruned" because it must remain intact to guarantee security and validation. Each transaction changes the set, creating a continuous update cycle. 📌 Bottom line: The UTXO set is the living ledger of the Bitcoin system. There is no bank or central server; only mathematical rules, cryptographic verification, and total transparency exist. 🔗 Every spent satoshi leaves a trace, and every unspent satoshi is ready to be put back into circulation. 📶 Stay tuned. #utxo #set #bitcoin #howdoesitwork #technology #curiosity #transaction #btc

🚨 What happens when you send a payment in Bitcoin? 🧾 Spoiler alert: It doesn't go straight into the blockchain. There's an invisible yet crucial place where everything takes shape. It's called the mempool. 🧠💾 📥 What is the Mempool? A memory pool is a kind of decentralized waiting room. Each complete Bitcoin node maintains its own version containing all valid transactions awaiting confirmation. There is not one global queue, but rather many local mempools that, thanks to the distributed network, tend to look very similar. 🔨 Who decides which transactions are confirmed? Miners choose which transactions to include in the next block. How? 📊 Based on the fee per byte. The higher the fee, the more likely your transaction will be confirmed quickly. It's a real fee market! 🤑 🔥 What happens if the network is congested? When there's a surge in transactions (e.g., a bull market or special events), the mempool fills up, and fees skyrocket. At that point, only those who pay the highest fees can make their way through the other transactions. 📈💸 🛠 Tools for the user: Modern wallets estimate the most suitable fees in real time. - Functions such as Replace-By-Fee (RBF) allow you to increase the fee even after sending. - If a transaction remains in the mempool for too long (e.g., if the fee is too low), some nodes will delete it, and it will have to be sent again. 🔍 At a glance: The Mempool is the beating heart of the Bitcoin transaction market. It regulates access to blocks in a decentralized manner and guarantees order, security, and efficiency. 📡 It is a meritocratic and transparent system where every satoshi counts. One satoshi is the smallest unit into which bitcoin can be divided (1 BTC = 100 million sats). 1 BTC = 100 million sats). 🌐 The sooner you pay, the sooner you confirm. ❓️ What is the UTXO set, how does it work, and how does it change with the mempool? 📶 Stay tuned. #mempool #bitcoin #btc #sats #user #payment #rbf