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gladstein
gladstein@primal.net
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gladstein yesterday
This is my third reflection on AI and freedom. My goal is to post once every three months. So far, the quarterly progress is blowing my mind. I've never seen a field evolve so blazingly fast. And for now, the winds are very much blowing in the direction of individual freedom. My first post was 6 months ago, in early March, riding the zeitgeist of the OpenClaw revolution. In the span of a few weeks between December 2025 and March 2026, we went from vibe coding websites on corporate platforms to hosting our own full-on personal agents on our own hardware. Systems and tools that hadn't even existed in early January had by late February become daily drivers for millions of people. Non-technical individuals could now instantly outsource technical tasks to machines, and become massively more productive. I was hooked. At HRF we ran our first Agent Camp in mid-February, equipping human rights activists with their own personal agents. Looking back, to what seems like forever ago, the setup was crude: early OpenClaw software running on a Macbook, connected to Opus 4.6. Everything struggled to work. But when it worked, it was pure magic. I still remember, during that first session, one of the Campers recording himself playing guitar and signing, alongside one of the instructors playing the piano, and then the Camper uploaded the recording via their phone to their agent, and then directed it to create, out of that, a killer gospel rock anthem. It was glorious. And a great example of how machines can help humans boost and advance creativity, not kill it. During that heady time we began working closely with the AI experience company Finite, whose goal is to make humans more human, and liberate them from tasks that are easy for machines. Over the next few months we collaborated on a better way to provide personal agents to activists, switching to a cloud-based model that could be accessed anywhere, moving from OpenClaw to the more stable and self-learning Hermes, and eventually hooking up to confidential compute inference, so that third party servers couldn't read our prompts. In January we worked with Rod Roudi and the AI Freedom Lab to host the first AI Hack for Freedom. What was novel about that first hack in Austin was that the human rights activist team captains worked with developers who, thanks to vibe coding, could make really useful software in just a matter of hours, instead of weeks or months. In May, for the second AI Hack for Freedom, things had advanced so much that activists actually could code now and were leading the effort, instead of just telling developers what to do. Talk about a step change. A few weeks later, at the Oslo Freedom Forum at the end of May, we set up an Apple Store-style AI experience lounge where hundreds of dissidents were able to use a personal agent for the first time to start hacking away at fun creative projects. And that's, in my view, a critical first step towards understanding the intelligence revolution that is happening all around us: using a personal agent and developing the muscles to understand what you can do with an agent, how it can help you, and how it will start shaping the new AI-powered world. Integrating an agent into your workflow and life takes time, but you have to start somewhere. My second post followed soon after all this in early June, just as local AI was really becoming a thing. Before the summer, local AI could only get you so far: a cool chatbot, a neat but basic research assistant. With apps like Atomic Chat, people could indeed harness the intelligence, for example, that already exists on your iPhone, to obtain an impressive ChatGPT-like experience, fully local and offline. But with the rise of new smaller models from Qwen and Deepseek, people could actually start to run frontier-quality intelligence on machines at home, on hardware that cost less than $10,000. Full tool calling, running agents, on laptops! Today, 3 months later, it's staggering to reflect on and absorb the speed of what is happening. Back in June, the benchmarker extraordinaire @0xSero showed me a version of DeepSeek that he was running on his MacBook Pro. It was capable of some pretty amazing, fast, complex stuff: he sat down and showed me how it could instantly scan massive legal documents for analysis, fully on-device. But again, comparing those models to what you can run now on a similar machine, it's just a whole different ballgame. For comparison: 6 months ago, confidential compute was possible, but the models that powered it were not that impressive. The gap between Opus 4.6 and "open weights" back in February was massive and very noticeable. 3 months ago, with the rise of Kimi 2.6, and then GLM 5.2, it was a big leap forward. It was finally a moment when I felt like I wasn't being handicapped by using open weights versus for example Opus 4.7 or ChatGPT 5.5, which were leading the frontier world at the time. But in the past 6-8 weeks, with Kimi K3, GLM 5.3 Flash, and just in the past day or two, DeepSeek 4.1 Flash, we've entered a world where open weights are legitimately going toe-to-toe with the best proprietary models, and sometimes even outperforming them. My mission is to give activists and dissidents AI superpowers. When Justin Moon first showed me what was possible back in January just on the Claude Code desktop app, a couple days after it came out, I knew that I had to give this awesome power to all my friends. And OpenClaw evolved that power significantly, by helping people choose what kind of intelligence they wanted to run, where they want to run it, and how they wanted to talk to it. This, I realized, had to be in the activist toolkit. Today I can say we are truly cooking with gas. My Finite agent today runs on GLM 5.3 Flash, in a TEE, giving me privacy and frontier-intelligence. The Hermes-based harness knows me, knows what I am working on, and auto-learns as I go. I also run my own OpenClaw, still on my own machine, connected to Astra, for fun and comparison's sake. I talk to both agents from my phone on the go and often give them the same tasks to compare. I would say that for most things that I am working on, GLM 5.3 is nearly or just as good as Astra. Which is a crazy thing to consider. Certainly, for advanced mathematics, science research, or complex engineering, one would prefer Astra. But for 95% of the daily tasks the average person needs help with, open weight models are perfect, and often snappier. And maybe this is where we are headed: to a "minimum viable intelligence" being available openly and cheaply to the world at large, getting constantly upgraded to within a few percentage points of the very best proprietary models, and with those most elite, very expensive, very gatekept highly-specialized models being primarily used by governments and companies for cutting edge research. But with this advantage only being ephemeral, being constantly erased and eroded in a matter of days or weeks by open weight models. The trend is clear: not only are open weight models dominating corporate ones in terms of usage on platforms like Openrouter -- mainly because they offer near-equal quality at a fraction of the cost -- but they also are increasingly being able to be run on reasonable hardware at home. In my next update, in December, I am excited to reveal what I'll be able to do at home... I can only imagine what kind of local models will be available, and I will have a 128GB Macbook Pro to run them on. I get my hands on the beast in October and will report back. If you are still reading, thank you, and good for you, as I have completely buried the lede. The single biggest difference between today and 3 months ago, and certainly between today and February or March, is the rise of the organizational brain. At HRF we have built one in the past few weeks for our Freedom Tech team, and I use my GLM 5.3-powered agent to interact with it. I think the best way to explain the brain is to detail how we set it up, and how we use it. The first thing we did is dump all Freedom Tech historical content into a folder. All reports, public updates, relevant social media posts, anything public or external the Freedom Tech team produced over the past 7-8 years at HRF. This took our team a few days. Then, each member of the team uploaded an interview where they talked about what they do on the team, what they have been working on, and what they are doing moving forward. Finite then helped us arrange this into an encrypted database that uses nostr as infrastructure for user permissions and access. Here's where it gets really interesting: starting in early August, every week we started ingesting the transcript of the weekly all-hands meeting of the team into the brain. (I also get an email summary of this meeting, drawn up by our agent-brain combo, instead of by Google). Then every Friday, every team member reports to the brain a short brief by voice or email on challenges, opportunities, changes, etc. A slack achievements channel and social media posts and mailchimp emails and newsletters are all ingested. The results are extraordinary. I can now ask the Freedom Tech brain for updates on what is happening with the team, and where points of stress might be. I can ask for beautifully-designed reports about certain aspects of our work. The brain has transformed things like donor updates, annual reports, and impact briefings from exhausting team efforts that once took weeks or months to something my agent can extract in minutes. Instead of having to call a meeting to figure something out, or to set up a phone call to find out a key piece of information, I can just ask the intelligence and get it instantly. And GLM 5.3 is just so damn smart. It notices trends, gaps, and issues. It can spot problems and opportunities. And we are just getting started. In March, I had no idea what an organizational brain was. In June, I barely grasped its importance. Now, in September, I can't imagine going back to a world without one. That shows how fast we're moving. I fully expect most innovative organizations to have some kind of organizational brain by the end of this year, and most organizations period, by the end of next year, if not sooner. Jack Dorsey and Roelof Botha's paper "From Hierarchy to Intelligence" gave the earliest, clearest picture of what a "brain" is and what it can do back in March, but to really grok it, like with anything in AI, you have to set one up and experience it yourself. I also wanted to share a few words on big picture AI topics: Open weights are the only thing separating us from a techno-totalitarian future. If intelligence is in the hands of a small few, tyranny is the only possible outcome. Full stop. This is why we must push back against restrictions on open weights, and on the breathless frantic moral panic of "AI Safety". Just consider: we were told earlier this summer that Fable and Mythos had catastrophic abilities, and that it was too powerful for mere mortals. But since then, that original version of Fable is in the rearview mirror, being already superseded by Astra and even possibly DeepSeek 4.1. Did the world change because of Fable and K3-level intelligence? Yes! Cyber-systems are being pushed to their limits. We saw this most clearly in the past 6-8 weeks as Bitcoin systems (canaries in the coal mine) came under new AI-powered pressure: first the ColdCard hack, then the BTCPay Server vulnerability, then issues with Lightning infrastructure, then the Liquid theft. But did the world end? No. In fact, as a result of AI-powered "red team" white hat hackers, Bitcoin systems are now being constantly monitored for vulnerabilities and are now, possibly, stronger than ever. It's true that hackers now have powerful tools to probe systems for flaws. But it's also true that defenders can now aim those same powerful tools, constantly, at infrastructure, to spot weaknesses and shore them up. And often, open-source models are the only ones that can be used for cyber-defense, as the proprietary models often refuse these kind of tasks. Of course, the mainstream media presents a very different picture. We are being told in the past 48 hours that cutting-edge AI models have a 10% chance of killing everyone on earth. But the reality is that the models the MSM is dreading will be essentially totally irrelevant in 6-8 months and will be able to run on anyone's laptop in a year or two. The real outcome we should fear, in my view, is that the most elite frontier intelligence ends up being restricted to a handful of governments or companies, and power centralizes even more grotesquely than it ever has centralized in the history of humanity. The only thing that can stop this is open weights: super-intelligence for everyone. Here, personal responsibility will matter. There is a tradeoff to consider. Do you want to rely on the corporate stack of using Meta's agent, or Grok's agent, or ChatGPT's suite of products? And be a slave to those companies? And watch what you say lest you get banned? Or do you want to control your own intelligence and run it yourself and be free? In some ways the tradeoffs are similar to Bitcoin. Do you want to do the hard work of learning how to self custody and be your own bank? Or take the easy way and have someone else hold your money? Here, in the AI world, you'll be able to run your own intelligence, or you can trust someone else to control the limits of your thinking and creativity. One key thing to remember: you can't obtain privacy-protecting frontier cloud-based inference from the big labs, at least not at the moment. The ONLY way to get encrypted inference at the frontier level is from open weight models. So anyone who is against open weights (cough Anthropic cough) is necessarily against privacy. Now, what of China? I think the CCP is likely making a mistake by pushing open weights so heavily. It's a gift to humanity, but it's something that will eventually rock Xi Jinping's extremely centralized control. I still think the CCP is likely to shift course and stop sharing open weights, potentially very soon. So, download all the good models while you can! Clearly, Xi's short term objective of commoditizing US super lab value IS working. Anthropic and OpenAI are not nearly as important as they once were. So much of their value can be downloaded for free off the internet. But this gamble comes with great political risk for the CCP as more and more individuals become more and more powerful. We see this in our own work, as we now have helped dozens of the world's top dissidents learn how to use personal agents. They are much more powerful when equipped with AI tools. They'd probably never have a shot at challenging AI-powered dictators without AI, but with AI? They stand a chance. For those curious: YES the irony of human rights activists depending on the CCP for freedom tech never ceases to amaze me. Even if China cracks down on open weights, it seems we are heading in the right direction in the US, and globally, on the issue. NVIDIA is leading the way with a variety of other AI infrastructure and hardware companies who know that a diverse world with a lot of inference players is best for their business, not a world where two or three superlabs control everything and can dictate pricing. So what next? I am excited for the coming few months as local AI gets smaller and more potent, and as TEE-powered cloud inference gets more powerful. We are, in a huge shift from sentiment and reality one year ago, simply **barreling** toward a future where everyone can run their own super intelligence, if they wish. I'm also excited for a future where we are liberated from "being on our computer" all day. The computer should do most of that work! The amount of time you spend glued to a screen should, for most people, shrink dramatically in the next year. This is especially true for leaders, and activists. AI certainly isn't the only factor here, to help free up people's time to focus on what they should be focusing on, but it's a big one. This moment, today, and in the next few months, is a CRITICAL opportunity for human rights activists to gain new powers, save time, dial in more on what they are good at, harness creativity, automate boring and time-consuming tasks, and scale their work. That is what I am focused on. I hope you all can join me. See you in December for update #4!
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gladstein 3 days ago
My essay from the Wall Street Journal today: Bitcoin’s Overlooked Promise: Freedom More than an investment, bitcoin offers economic security where traditional money and rights fail. *** Bitcoin was launched in January 2009 in direct response to the Great Financial Crisis. In the wake of the biggest economic crash since the 1930s—during which 10 million Americans lost their homes, nearly $20 trillion in U.S. household wealth was destroyed, half the U.S. stock market was wiped out and nearly 9 million Americans lost their jobs—only one banker went to jail. Instead of jail time, the financial industry received a $443 billion bailout. Satoshi Nakamoto’s invention was a protest and demonstration: We could have another kind of money and financial system—one where the people were in control, and where we could transact with each other and save without relying on the governments and corporations that betrayed us so badly. For Americans, bitcoin has been a spectacular success. Since its creation, it has been the single greatest investment on Earth, rising in price from less than a penny to more than $75,000. Any American can transact with any other American in total freedom on the bitcoin network. Dozens of American companies have thrived and even become unicorns brokering bitcoin, mining bitcoin and providing bitcoin services. This year, more than 4 million small businesses in Square’s merchant network are coming online, allowing Americans to spend bitcoin and use it as money in their neighborhoods and communities. Beyond the American Market But the U.S. is just a small part of the story. For most people on Earth, their money is horribly broken. 87% of the world—about 7.2 billion people—lives either under collapsing economies or authoritarian regimes. Only 4% of humans use the dollar as their native, salary-earning currency. Fewer than 10% of humans live in strong liberal democracies with robust free markets and property rights. The average person on this planet uses a currency that might experience 10%, 20% or 30% inflation in a year. They can’t use their currency to buy things at major online stores and can’t access U.S. stocks or bonds. Their savings technologies are most likely stacks of paper currency, cattle, cinder blocks or sheet metal. When dollar users dismiss bitcoin, they aren’t simply ignoring its origin story as a protest against a corrupt system—they are blinded by their financial privilege. Americans enjoy easy ways to send money to friends and family, a variety of quality ways to save for their future and seamless merchant payments. They take this for granted. Most people on this planet struggle to send money, save and pay. When dollar users dismiss bitcoin, they aren’t simply ignoring its origin story as a protest against a corrupt system—they are blinded by their financial privilege. In Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country, citizens have lost nearly 75% of their purchasing power against the dollar since 2020. In Egypt, the Arab world’s most populous country, citizens have lost nearly 70%. In Pakistan, the world’s fifth-most-populous country, citizens have lost 45%. In India, the world’s most populous country, citizens have lost 20%. Citizens of some regional powers like Turkey and Argentina have seen their currency wiped out by more than 90%. Authoritarianism poses different challenges. In Russia, China, Nicaragua, Belarus, Iran and elsewhere, the bank accounts of human-rights defenders and civil-society groups are routinely frozen for “suspicious” activity. Donations from foreign organizations are typically illegal, leaving these groups struggling to use the existing banking system to keep their operations going. A Promise Beyond Currency Here’s where bitcoin becomes a tool of freedom and survival. Since 2020, bitcoin users have seen an overall return of more than 1,000%. Instead of losing 99% of their wage value, Cubans, Lebanese and Zimbabweans who chose to save in bitcoin when the pandemic hit have seen their wages increase by 15 times. Instead of being frozen with no way to pay their teams, human-rights groups such as the Anti-Corruption Foundation in Russia and the Feminist Coalition in Nigeria were able to keep operations going with bitcoin, a currency no dictator can freeze. Even if traditional money and payment systems work well enough for most of us Americans, given the legacy of the Great Financial Crisis, we should be able to appreciate what bitcoin has given us: a world in which “transaction denied” doesn’t exist. A world in which we—and no one else—control our own savings. A world in which we do not have to ask for permission to buy what we want and to transact with whomever we want. Bitcoin has played a vital role for hundreds of millions of people around the world far less fortunate than us, whose financial systems didn’t get a half-trillion-dollar bailout. Maybe bitcoin isn’t for you, but it is for them.
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gladstein 2 weeks ago
Just wrapped filming 10 courses of content for the Masters in Bitcoin program at the University of Hesperides Week 1 - Check Your Financial Privilege Week 2 - The Quest for Digital Cash Week 3 - America’s Debt Empire Week 4 - Hidden Repression Week 5 - Bitcoin Basics Week 6 - Bitcoin in Practice Week 7 - Bitcoin and Energy Week 8 - Bitcoin vs Big Brother Week 9 - Freedom Tech Week 10 - A Trojan Horse for Freedom ✌️ image
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gladstein 2 weeks ago
I deeply love the Tetons and Yellowstone and the surrounding areas Montana 🤝 Idaho 🤝 Wyoming Truly some of the most magical land on earth
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gladstein 0 months ago
The Egypt eclipse photos next to the pyramids next year are gonna go so hard Aug 2, 2027… image
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gladstein 1 month ago
Unreal Skater danny_leon from his IG image
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gladstein 1 month ago
Initial reflections on the Coldcard catastrophe, the bitcoin-only approach, and financial freedom: 1) Many people, me included, trusted and recommended Coldcard more than we should have. Especially after it became only source-viewable, and especially given the attitude of the Coldcard creator towards other similar projects. These were obviously red flags in retrospect. This was a huge lapse on my part and I pledge to learn from it 2) Coldcard operated for many years with shocking, betraying negligence that was hidden from the public by a) security theater driven by marketing (i.e. cypherpunks should use this sophisticated tool) and b) an “in circle” reputation and that people like me perpetuated. Another mistake that will stick with me, and guide my future actions 3) We will not be lectured by scammers and ETF promoters and former FTX cheerleaders. There are other Bitcoin-only products like Bitkey, Bitbox, Passport, and Seedsigner. Just because one Bitcoin hardware wallet company failed, doesn't mean the Bitcoin-only approach is bad. Far from it. It just means we need to learn and improve. It DOES NOT MEAN we need to "diversify" into random shitcoins, endorse or tolerate premines, give all our Bitcoin to corporations, or other such nonsense 4) FOSS should be the gold standard in general. And multi-vendor multi-sig or collaborative custody should be a goal for large amounts 5) Exchange hacks have been ~1,000x worse than even this disaster. The answer to challenges in self-custody is *not* to trust someone else with your money. It’s to learn and improve or upgrade your self-custody 6) Fiat currency must be defeated. Entire nations have lost 50% of their money overnight, 75% or even 99% in a matter of months or years. Accounts are regularly frozen and stolen every day. The global monetary system is immensely unjust and predatory and must be resisted. The mission must go on 7) AI makes bugs more exploitable, but it also can be used to secure codebases to an extraordinary degree. This is already happening (see Spiral's Loupe) and really shows the power of open weights. The lesson here is not that frontier AI should be gatekept by the elite, but that it should be open to all, so that we all have more eyes on everything 8) Financial freedom is not easy. And maybe never will be. The price of freedom is eternal vigilance. Self-custody is the pinnacle. Maybe not everyone reaches it, but we should strive to make it an option for anyone 9) I am sorry that HRF handed out Coldcards at two of our events over the past decade, and sorry that I mentioned Coldcards occasionally over the years as a good option. I am NOT sorry that HRF has a laser focus on self-custody and privacy. This approach is *the only option* for people under authoritarian societies. Maybe you want to choose to rely on the good graces of an American financial institution, but this option doesn't exist for billions of people worldwide 10) I am also proud that HRF over the past decade has handed out *many more units* of other devices such as Bitkeys and Seedsigners and Passports, and that we work to teach topics like privacy and multi-sig in our work. I am also proud that we have given out 100+ grants, invested more than $5M, and paid out more than a dozen bounties towards multi-sig, better self-custody, and privacy 11) I can’t say enough about how awesome Casa is and collaborative custody in general. I have heard good things about AnchorWatch and Unchained as well. I highly recommended the collaborative approach for non-profits. Liana is fully open source and superb for managing multi-sig. Casa and Liana have helped HRF sleep easy through the FTX crash, Silicon Valley banking system collapse, Coldcard catastrophe, and other crises 12) It is incredibly inspiring to see the Bitcoin community rally around helping people at a time of need. Many people have barely slept over the past four days as they have helped race to secure funds. It is truly awesome to see this 13) We are in a new age of "back to the basics" in thinking hard about self-custody. Bitcoin doesn't work as freedom money unless people can control it themselves. There is much work to do, but perhaps in 10 years we will look back at this crisis and see that the industry instead of giving up, evolved significantly as a result. Now is the time to make that dream a reality. Thankfully I am seeing a variety of Bitcoin companies and entrepreneurs ranging from Block to Bull iterate rapidly in that direction 🙏
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gladstein 1 month ago
“Parents are increasingly willing to embrace tracking and analytics for their children, and to outscore parenting decisions to technology” image
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gladstein 1 month ago
My interview on the BBC World Service that aired twice in the past day about AI and freedom Grateful to get a chance to promote the vision of private, sovereign, and local AI powering a new age of individual human empowerment to so many millions of people 🙏
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gladstein 1 month ago
Incredibly based for Jensen’s first ever X post to be in defense of open weights image
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gladstein 1 month ago
Ash’s original name in Japanese is Satoshi What? How did I only learn this now? 😅 image
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gladstein 1 month ago
Revolting I wonder how many people who drink these “energy drinks” know they have 35 grams of sugar image
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gladstein 2 months ago
I know this is a regular thing for some people but — First time finishing the Sunday NYT crossword. Have always found it impossible “Honor Among Thieves” and “Power Behind the Throne” my favs here image