BITCOIN’S QUANTUM RECOVERY PLAN HAS ONE MAJOR EXCEPTION: SATOSHI’S 1.1 MILLION BTC
Bitcoin’s proposed defense against quantum computers just took a major step forward, but it still cannot save Satoshi Nakamoto’s coins.
Quantum security startup Project Eleven has unveiled a zero-knowledge proof system designed to complement BIP-361, the controversial proposal that would freeze Bitcoin addresses vulnerable to future quantum attacks. The system would allow legitimate owners to recover their bitcoin without revealing their private keys.
The proposal addresses one of the biggest criticisms of BIP-361.
Under the draft, quantum-vulnerable addresses would stop accepting deposits after three years, with remaining coins frozen after five. More than 34% of Bitcoin’s supply falls into this category, including the estimated 1.1 million BTC attributed to Satoshi.
Project Eleven’s approach exploits a key difference in Bitcoin’s cryptography. While quantum computers could eventually break elliptic curve signatures, they cannot efficiently reverse the one-way hash functions used by modern HD wallets.
Instead of signing a transaction, users prove they know the secret key material higher up in their wallet’s derivation tree, allowing them to migrate funds to a quantum-safe address without exposing their seed.
However, the recovery method only works for BIP-32 hierarchical deterministic wallets introduced in 2012.
Satoshi’s coins were created years earlier using software that generated every private key independently, with no seed phrase or derivation tree.
That means there is nothing for the proof system to verify.
The same limitation applies to many of Bitcoin’s oldest dormant wallets.
The prototype is also unaudited, supports only a subset of Bitcoin address types, and would require future consensus changes before it could be used on Bitcoin.
Still, the development changes the debate around BIP-361. Rather than permanently burning quantum-vulnerable coins, the proposal could eventually allow legitimate owners to recover them.
Everyone, that is, except Satoshi.
